BHARAT RATNA

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BHARAT RATNA
Bharat Ratna to be awarded to Karpoori Thakur and Lal K Advani
 ‘Bharat Ratna’, the highest civilian Award of the country, was instituted in the year 1954. 
 Any person without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex is eligible for these awards. 
There is no written provision that Bharat Ratna should be awarded to Indian citizens only. 
 The award has been conferred to a naturalised Indian citizen Mother Teresa (1980) and to two non-
Indians -- Khan Abdul Ghaff ar Khan and Nelson Mandela (1990). Pandit Bhimsen Joshi was the last 
recipient of the award in 2009.
 It is awarded in recognition of exceptional service/performance of the highest order in any 
fi eld of human endeavour. 
 The recommendations for Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister himself to the 
President. No formal recommendations for this are necessary. 
 The number of annual awards is restricted to a maximum of three in a particular year. 
 On conferment of the award, the recipient receives a Sanad (certifi cate) signed by the President and 
a medallion. The Award does not carry any monetary grant. 
 In terms of Article 18 (1) of the Constitution, the award cannot be used as a prefi x or suffi x to the 
recipient’s name. However, should an award winner consider it necessary, he/she may use the 
following expression in their biodata/letterhead/visiting card etc. to indicate that he/she is a 
recipient of the award.
 In 2011, the Government amended eligibility criteria for Bharat Ratna to allow any Indian citizen, 
regardless of occupation, position or capacity to receive the award.

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