UPSC with Shivaji kale

 Fundamental Duties The framers of the Constitution did not feel it necessary to incorporate the fundamental duties of the  citizens in the Constitution. However, they incorporated the duties of the State in the Constitution in  the form of Directive Principles of State Polity. By the 42nd Amendment of the Constitution, based on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh  Committee, adopted in 1976, Fundamental Duties of the citizens have also been enumerated. Article  51 ‘A’, contained in Part IV A of the Constitution deals with Fundamental Duties. Features  Unlike some of the Fundamental Rights which extend to all persons whether citizens or foreigners,  the Fundamental Duties are confi ned to citizens only and do not extend to foreigners.  Some of them are moral duties while others are civic duties.  Although, these duties are not enforceable by a Court, they provide a valuable guide and aid in  the interpretation of the Constitution.  They are non-...

 BLACK SEA CONTEXT A deal allowing Ukraine to export grain via the Black Sea expires on July 17 and with Moscow saying  it sees no grounds for an extension there are fears it may collapse. About  The Black Sea is located in Southeastern Europe.  It is bordered by several countries. ! North: It is bounded by Ukraine, Russia, and a small portion of Belarus. ! East: It is connected to the Sea of Azov through the Strait of Kerch. ! South: Turkey ! West: Bulgaria and Romania  Surrounding Countries: Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, Turkey, Bulgaria, and Romania.  Connected Waterways: The Bosporus Strait, located in Turkey, connects the Black Sea to the Sea  of Marmara, which then leads to the Mediterranean Sea.

  DEEPORBEEL  CONTEXT The Northeast Frontier Railway (NFR) is planning to construct an elevated corridor in Deeper Beel to  end elephant deaths on railway track, crossing the Ramsar Site area. About  DeeporBeel, a freshwater lake, is located to the south-west of Guwahati city, in Kamrup district of  Assam.  It is a listed wetland under the Ramsar Convention in November 2002, for undertaking conservation  measures on the basis of its biological and environmental importance.   Dipor Bil is considered as one of the biggest lakes of the Brahmaputra valley of Lower Assam.  It is surrounded by steep highlands on the northern and southern sides and its main sources of  water are the Kalmani and Basistha Rivers.

Recently, chemical tanker MV Chem Pluto was hit by a drone strike, roughly 200 nautical miles (370 km) off the coast of Gujarat. •  MV Chem Pluto is a Liberia-flagged, Japanese-owned, and Netherlands-operated chemical tanker.

Zuari Bridge is located on the Zuari River at Cortalim village on the Margao-Panaji National Highway. •  It is a 13.20-kilometer eight-lane bridge across the Zuari River. •  It is India's second-longest cable-stayed bridge.

  Eurasian Economic Union   (EaEU) What is the Eurasian Economic Union (EaEU)? The Eurasian Economic Union (EaEU) is an economic union comprising states primarily in northern Eurasia, established to promote regional economic integration, facilitating free movement of goods, services, and people within the union. Key Features of the EaEU: • Member States:  The union includes five countries: Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia, and Kyrgyzstan. • Economic Integration:  Aims to foster economic integration akin to the European Union, featuring free trade, a common external tariff, and coordinated economic policies. • Establishment:  Formed officially in 2015, evolving from the Eurasian Customs Union and the Single Economic Space. Importance of the EaEU: 1. Economic Collaboration: Encourages economic collaboration and integration among its member states. 2. Facilitation of Trade and Movement: Enables free movement of goods, services, capital, and labor across its mem...

  COPRA 🔺 Copra refers to the dried coconut kernels from which coconut oil is expelled. 🔺 The decision is based on recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP). 🔺 As of now, CACP recommends MSPs of 23 commodities, which comprise 7 cereals, 5 pulses, 7 oilseeds and 4 commercial crops (copra, sugarcane, cotton and raw jute). 🔺 Major coconut growing states in India are Kerala,Tamilnadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. 🔺 The oil extracted from copra is rich in lauric acid, making it an important commodity in the preparation of lauryl alcohol, soaps, fatty acids, cosmetics, etc. #

  🅾 OIML Certification ✔️ It is an Intergovernmental organization which was established in 1955. ➖ Bharat became it’s member in 1956. ➖ It has 63 Member States and 64 Corresponding Members. ➖ To sell a weight or measure in the International market an OIML Pattern Approval certificate is mandatory. ➖ Bharat has now become authority for issuing internationally accepted OIML certificate for selling weights & measures anywhere in the world.

 #environment_initiatives ❇️ Santiago Network ➖ Established at COP25 summit in Madrid as part of the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage (WIM) under the UNFCCC. ➖ Santiago network for averting, minimizing and addressing loss and damage to catalyse the technical assistance of relevant organizations, bodies, networks and experts for the implementation of relevant approaches associated with climate change impacts. ➖ The host of the Secretariat for the Santiago Network was finalized at COP 28. ➖ The joint consortium of the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction and the United Nations Office for Project Services have been selected as the host of the Santiago network secretariat for an initial term of five years, with five-year renewal periods. ➖ The functions of the Santiago Network were defined at COP 26 and the COP 27 decision made progress towards establishing its institutional arrangements, paving the way for its full operationalisation.

  #marine_species ❇️ Project Dolphin is the Government initiative to conserve both oceanic and riverine dolphin species launched in 2021. 👉 Monitoring and conservation of marine turtles, marine dolphins and humpback whale under the PAN India: Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitat (IDWH) scheme. ➖ The Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology (CMLRE), an attached office of Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) is mandated with the management strategies development for marine living resources through ecosystem monitoring and modelling activities. 👉 The Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification, 2019, promulgated under Environment (Protection) Act 1986, has specific focus on conservation and management plans of Ecologically Sensitive Areas (ESAs), like Mangroves, Seagrasses, Sand dunes, Corals and Coral reefs, Biologically active mudflats, Turtle nesting grounds, and Horse shoe crabs’ habitats and prohibit developmental activities and disposal of wastes in the fragile coas...

How is the research governed in the Arctic? 🔴 Svalbard Treaty of 1920. 🔴 UN Convention on the Law of the Seas. Countries which are part of the Arctic Circle: 🔴 Total 8: Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the US. India's research base in the Arctic: 🔴 Himadri India's research bases in Antarctica: 🔴 Dakshin Gangotri (Now submerged under ice) 🔴 Maitri 🔴 Bharti

  Money Bills in India: An Overview Definition: • As per Article 110 of the Constitution, a bill is considered a money bill if it pertains “only” to matters outlined in Article 110(1)(a) to (g). These matters include topics like taxation, government borrowings, and appropriation of funds from the Consolidated Fund of India. Introduction: • To become law, a bill typically requires the endorsement of both houses of Parliament. However, a money bill is an exception. Key Characteristics of a Money Bill: 1. Lok Sabha Introduction: A money bill can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha. Prior recommendation of the President is necessary for introduction. 2. Rajya Sabha’s Limited Role: The Rajya Sabha cannot modify or reject a money bill. It can only recommend changes, leaving the Lok Sabha with the final say on accepting or declining these suggestions. 3. Disputes and Resolution: Should a conflict arise regarding the classification of a bill as a money bill, the decision of the Lok Sabha s...